Websites like Reddit and writers including James Patterson and Sarah Silverman demand compensation for work they suspect was used to train new artificial-intelligence technology.

• The disputes threaten to throw sand into the gears of the AI boom just as it seems poised to revolutionize the global economy.

Artificial-intelligence companies including OpenAI, its backer Microsoft, and Google built generative-AI systems such as ChatGPT by scraping oceans of information from the internet and feeding it into training algorithms that teach the systems to imitate human speech.

• The companies generally say their data use without compensation is permitted, but they have left the door open to discussing the issue with content creators.

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